Self-Harm
Overview
Self-harm means intentionally hurting yourself as a way of dealing with overwhelming emotions, distress, or difficult experiences. It is a sign that someone is struggling and needs support, not a bid for attention.
Recommended Therapies
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy(DBT)
Guideline SupportedStrongest evidence for chronic self-harm, especially in BPD context.
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy is a comprehensive, evidence-based psychological therapy originally developed by Marsha Linehan for people with severe emotional dysregulation and chronic suicidality, particularly borderline personality disorder (BPD). It combines behavioural change strategies with acceptance-based approaches drawn from Zen mindfulness practice. DBT is structured as a programme rather than a standalone individual therapy.
Mentalisation-Based Therapy(MBT)
Moderate EvidenceEvidence for self-harm reduction in BPD.
Mentalisation-Based Therapy is a structured psychological therapy that focuses on improving the ability to understand one’s own and others’ mental states — thoughts, feelings, intentions, and motivations. Developed by Peter Fonagy and Anthony Bateman, it was originally designed for borderline personality disorder but is now used more broadly.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy(CBT)
Moderate EvidenceEvidence varies; adapted approaches needed.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a structured, time-limited psychological therapy that helps people understand how their thoughts, behaviours, and physical responses interact to maintain emotional distress. It focuses on present-day difficulties and aims to develop practical skills that can be used beyond therapy.
Important
The therapies listed here are based on current evidence and guidelines. This is not an exhaustive list, and the best therapy for any individual depends on their specific circumstances, preferences, and clinical assessment. Always consult a qualified practitioner for personalised recommendations.