Understanding Repeating Patterns
A 2-page guide explaining how CAT understands repeating patterns in thinking, feeling, and relating — including traps, dilemmas, and snags.
In Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT), we understand difficulties as "patterns" — repeating ways of thinking, feeling, and relating that developed early in life. Recognising these patterns is the first step to changing them.
Why patterns develop
As children, we cope with difficult situations by developing strategies to manage them. These strategies help us survive emotionally. However, if we continue using them even when they're no longer needed, they can cause problems in adult life.
Traps
A trap is a vicious circle where what you do to cope actually makes the problem worse. Example: You feel unconfident → You avoid speaking up → You don't get practice → You feel more unconfident.
Dilemmas
A dilemma is when you feel stuck between two options, both of which seem bad. Example: "Either I put others first and lose myself, or I put myself first and end up alone."
Snags
A snag is when you make progress but then something blocks you or pulls you back. Example: You start doing well → You feel guilty about surpassing a parent who struggled → You sabotage your success.