Contingency Management(CM)
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Overview
Contingency Management is a behavioural intervention that reinforces recovery behaviours (e.g., abstinence, attendance) with tangible rewards. It is primarily used in addiction services with clear protocols.
What this therapy focuses on
Behaviour change through reliable, immediate reinforcement linked to objectively verified targets (e.g., drug test results, attendance records).
What sessions are usually like
Integrated into treatment programmes
Incentives delivered immediately upon verified target behaviour
Structured protocol with escalating and reset schedules
Session profile
Common uses and suitability
What problems it is commonly used for
Who this therapy may suit best
- People with substance use disorders where other approaches have not sustained engagement
- Where objectively verifiable targets are possible
When it may need adapting or may not be suitable
- Requires governance and ethical frameworks
- Not suitable without clear behavioural targets
- Financial sustainability must be planned
Where this therapy may not be enough
CM is for substance use targets. Not a comprehensive mental health treatment.
What happens in therapy
Incentive Delivery
Receiving a reward (voucher, prize draw entry, or privilege) each time you meet your agreed target.
Evidence Base
Guideline support
Strong in specific substance use contexts. Included in some NICE guidance for substance misuse.
Strength of evidence
Strong for stimulant use disorders. Large effect sizes in well-implemented programmes.
Limitations
Implementation and governance challenges. Financial sustainability. Effects may not sustain post-programme without broader recovery support.
Evidence claims by condition
CM helps people stay in treatment and reduce drug use by providing rewards for meeting recovery goals.
Resources & Printables
For Adults
Practitioner & Training Notes
Typical professional background
Addiction service staff with CM training.
Recognised training routes
CM training through addiction service organisations and specialist training providers.
Registration considerations
Delivered within supervised addiction services.
Source Registry
Last evidence review: January 2026. All sources are verified and checked on a scheduled cadence.